【论文精选】AI Agent 前沿论文综述(2023-2025)

AI Agent 前沿论文精选综述(2023-2025)

更新时间:2026年5月9日
主题:LLM-based Autonomous Agents / 大语言模型自主智能体


📖 一、研究背景与概述

随着大语言模型(LLM)在广泛知识获取上的突破,基于 LLM 的自主智能体(Autonomous Agents)已成为 AI 领域最活跃的研究方向之一。[1] 与传统强化学习训练出的窄域智能体不同,LLM 智能体能够通过自然语言理解、推理和规划来完成复杂任务,体现了向人类智能靠拢的潜力。

🔬 二、核心研究方向

2.1 工具使用(Tool Use)

让 LLM 学会调用外部工具是扩展其能力的关键。经典工作包括:

  • ReAct[2]:将推理(Reasoning)与行动(Acting)协同,ICLR 2023
  • Toolformer[3]:让 LLM 自学使用工具,NeurIPS 2023
  • HuggingGPT[4]:连接 ChatGPT 与 Hugging Face 生态,NeurIPS 2023
  • ToolLLM[5]:掌握 16000+ 真实 API,EMNLP 2023

2.2 规划与推理(Planning)

规划能力是智能体的核心认知能力,主要方法包括:

方法 论文 会议/年份 核心思路
思维树 (ToT) Tree of Thoughts[6] NeurIPS 2023 BFS/DFS 搜索
MCTS LATS[7] ICML 2024 蒙特卡洛树搜索
Least-to-Most Least-to-Most[8] NeurIPS 2023 复杂问题分解
PDDL LLM+P[9] arXiv 2023 符号规划结合

2.3 反馈学习(Feedback Learning)

通过自我反思与外部反馈提升推理质量:

  • Reflexion[10]:语言智能体的口头强化学习,NeurIPS 2023
  • Self-Refine[11]:迭代式自我改进,NeurIPS 2023
  • CRITIC[12]:工具交互式批判,ICLR 2024

2.4 多智能体系统(Multi-Agent)

多个 LLM 智能体协作解决问题:

  • ChatDev:虚拟软件公司,多智能体协作开发
  • Multi-Agent Debate:多智能体辩论提升推理
  • AgentVerse:多智能体协作框架

📊 三、主流综述论文

论文标题 作者 发表 链接
A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents Wang et al. Frontiers of Computer Science 2024 [arXiv] [DOI]
The Rise and Potential of LLMs as Agent: A Survey Xi et al. arXiv 2023 [arXiv]
A Review of Prominent Paradigms for LLM-Based Agents Li X. CoLing 2025 [arXiv]
Understanding the Planning of LLM Agents: A Survey Huang et al. arXiv 2024 [arXiv]
AgentAI: A Comprehensive Survey on Autonomous Agents Chen et al. Expert Systems 2025 [ScienceDirect]
A Survey on the Memory Mechanism of LLM Agents - arXiv 2024 [arXiv]
LLM and AI Agents for Autonomous Systems: A Survey Ferrag et al. Semantic Scholar [Semantic Scholar]

🛠️ 四、关键框架与工具

  • LangChain/LangGraph:主流 LLM 应用开发框架
  • AutoGPT:自主任务执行智能体
  • AutoGen:微软多智能体协作框架
  • CrewAI:角色扮演多智能体框架
  • MetaGPT:软件开发的 SOTA 多智能体框架

📈 五、市场与技术趋势

根据最新市场分析[13]

  • 2024 年全球 AI Agent 市场规模约 54.3 亿美元
  • 预计 2030 年将达到 471 亿美元
  • 年复合增长率(CAGR)超过 43%

🚀 六、未来研究方向

  1. 自主演化智能体(Self-Evolving Agents):智能体能够在线学习、自我改进
  2. 世界模型(World Modeling):让 LLM 建立环境模拟能力
  3. 长期记忆机制:解决智能体上下文遗忘问题
  4. 多模态融合:结合视觉、语言、动作的全身智能体
  5. 具身智能(Embodied AI):机器人与智能体的结合

📚 参考文献

  1. Wang L., Ma C., Feng X. et al. "A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents." Frontiers of Computer Science, 2024. https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11432 | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11704-024-40231-1
  2. Yao S., Zhao J., Yu D. et al. "ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Models." ICLR, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03629
  3. Schick T., Dwivedi-Zippert S., Tsatsulis E. et al. "Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Tools." NeurIPS, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04761
  4. Shen Y., Song K., Tan X. et al. "HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Face." NeurIPS, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17580
  5. Qin Y., Liang S., Ye Y. et al. "ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIs." EMNLP, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.16789
  6. Yao S., Yu D., Zhao J. et al. "Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models." NeurIPS, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.10601
  7. Zhou A., Wang K., Ma Y. et al. "Language Agent Tree Search Unifies Reasoning, Acting, and Planning." ICML, 2024. https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.04463
  8. Zhou J., Zhou A., Zhao Z. et al. "Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Models." NeurIPS, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.10601
  9. Liu X., Yu H., Zhang X. et al. "LLM+P: Empowering Large Language Models with Optimal Planning Proficiency." arXiv, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.11477
  10. Shinn N., Labash B., Gopinath A. "Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learning." NeurIPS, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11366
  11. Madaan A., Tandon N., Gupta P. et al. "Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback." NeurIPS, 2023. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.17651
  12. Gou Z., Shao L., Feng G. et al. "CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing." ICLR, 2024. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08758
  13. Ma T., Chen X. "Emerging Trends in LLM Agent Development." SSRN, 2024. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=6119146

本文整理自 GitHub: xinzhel/LLM-Agent-Survey 及 arXiv 公开论文,更多论文列表请访问:LLM-Agent-Survey

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